概述

Window表示一个窗口,但在日常开发中我们接触的不多。我们常见的如Toast和PopWindow都是属于Window。Window是一个抽象类,而Window的具体实现类是PhoneWindow。如果我们需要创建一个Window,只需要通过WindowManager去实现。而它的具体实现是在WindowManagerService中。我们需要知道Android所有的视图都是附加在Window上的,换句话说Window是View的直接管理者。

Window与WindowManager

在分析Window得工作机制之前,我们先看看如何添加一个Window,具体的我们可以通过WindowManager去添加,实现代码如下:

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TextView text = new TextView(this);
text.setText("just a test");
WindowManager.LayoutParams layoutParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams(
WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
0, 0,
PixelFormat.TRANSPARENT
);
// flag 设置 Window 属性
layoutParams.flags= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL;
// type 设置 Window 类别(层级)
layoutParams.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY;
layoutParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER;
WindowManager windowManager = getWindowManager();
windowManager.addView(text, layoutParams);

代码中我们并没有通过setContentView去设置布局,而是直接通过WindowManager去addView实现的。同时,我们需要去添加一个窗口的权限:

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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW"/>

Window的分类

在上述代码中,我们可以设置Window的级别。Window有三种级别,分别为:应用Window、系统Window和子Window。应用Window对应一个Activity,子Window必须要依附在一个父Window上。

Window 层级
应用 Window 1~99
子 Window 1000~1999
系统Window 2000~2999

我们可以通过WindowManager.LayoutParams的type去设置,如果设置系统Window则需要加上上面的权限,否则会出现异常。

WindowManager的内部机制

在开发中,我们无法直接使用Window,所有对Window的操作都是经过WindowManager去操作的。WindowManager所提供的功能很简单,即添加View,删除View和更新View。这三个的方法是在ViewManager接口中。代码如下:

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public interface ViewManager{

public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);

public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);

public void removeView(View view);
}

重上述代码可以看出,我们只需要传入对应的view以及view的layoutparms属性即可进行添加和更新,如果需要删除,只需传入需要删除的view即可。

Window的内部机制

Window的添加过程

前面说到如果需要对Window操作都需要通过WindowManager去实现,不过WindowManager只是一个接口,而它的真正实现类是WindowManagerImpl,在WindowManagerImpl的三大操作代码如下:

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@Override
public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
applyDefaultToken(params);
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mContext.getDisplay(), mParentWindow);
}

@Override
public void updateViewLayout(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
applyDefaultToken(params);
mGlobal.updateViewLayout(view, params);
}

@Override
public void removeView(View view) {
mGlobal.removeView(view, false);
}

可以看出,WindowManagerImpl并没有去处理,而是交给WindowManagerGlobal去处理。WindowManagerGlobal的addView主要是如下几个步骤:

1、检查参数;如果是子Window就去做相应的调整:

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if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
if (display == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
}
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams) params;
if (parentWindow != null) {
parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
}

2、创建 ViewRootImpl 并将 View 添加到集合中:
在WindowManagerGlobal中有如下几个集合:

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private final ArrayList<View> mViews = new ArrayList<View>();
private final ArrayList<ViewRootImpl> mRoots = new ArrayList<ViewRootImpl>();
private final ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams> mParams =
new ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams>();
private final ArraySet<View> mDyingViews = new ArraySet<View>();
集合 存储内容
mViews Window 所对应的 View
mRoots Window 所对应的 ViewRootImpl
mParams Window 所对应的布局参数
mDyingViews 正在被删除还没完全移除的 View 对象
addView 操作时会将相关对象添加到对应集合中:
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root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
mViews.add(view);
mRoots.add(root);
mParams.add(wparams);

3、通过 ViewRootImpl 来更新界面并完成 Window 的添加过程:
最后通过如下代码进行addView:

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root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);

在setView内部,我们会通过requsetLayout去异步刷新UI,requsetLayout代码如下:

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public void requestLayout() {
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}

这是View的绘制入口,我们接着往下看,后面它会调用:

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res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(),
mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets,
mAttachInfo.mOutsets, mInputChannel);

它是通过WindowSession去完成最后的添加。WindowSession是一个Binder对象,最终实现类是Session,我们继续看代码:

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@Override
public int addToDisplay(IWindow window, int seq, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outContentInsets, Rect outStableInsets,
Rect outOutsets, InputChannel outInputChannel) {
return mService.addWindow(this, window, seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayId,
outContentInsets, outStableInsets, outOutsets, outInputChannel);
}

可以发现,最后是通过调用WMS的addWindow去添加的。具体细节不做深入~~

Window的删除过程

删除过程和添加过程类似,我们直接看WindowManagerGlobal的removeView方法,代码如下:

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public void removeView(View view, boolean immediate) {
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}

synchronized (mLock) {
int index = findViewLocked(view, true);
View curView = mRoots.get(index).getView();
removeViewLocked(index, immediate);
if (curView == view) {
return;
}

throw new IllegalStateException("Calling with view " + view
+ " but the ViewAncestor is attached to " + curView);
}
}

这边会通过调用findViewLocked方法去拿到待删除View的索引。然后通过removeViewLocked去实现删除逻辑,具体看代码:

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private void removeViewLocked(int index, boolean immediate) {
ViewRootImpl root = mRoots.get(index);
View view = root.getView();

if (view != null) {
InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.getInstance();
if (imm != null) {
imm.windowDismissed(mViews.get(index).getWindowToken());
}
}
boolean deferred = root.die(immediate);
if (view != null) {
view.assignParent(null);
if (deferred) {
mDyingViews.add(view);
}
}
}

这边会调用ViewRootImpl的die方法去处理,我们继续看代码:

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boolean die(boolean immediate) { if (immediate && !mIsInTraversal) {
doDie();
return false;
}
···
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_DIE);
return true;
}

这边会判断同步还是异步,如果是同步就直接调用doDie方法,否则会通过Handler发送消息调用doDie方法去处理,在doDie方法中真正实现删除逻辑的是dispatchDetachedFromWindow方法。主要是做了如下几件事:

  • GC回收相关
  • 一个IPC过程:mWindowSession.remove(mWindow);
  • 调用WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance().doRemoveView(this);去移除关于当前Windows的数据。

Window的更新过程

过程基本和添加和删除类似,我们来看代码:

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public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}

final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;

view.setLayoutParams(wparams);

synchronized (mLock) {
int index = findViewLocked(view, true);
ViewRootImpl root = mRoots.get(index);
mParams.remove(index);
mParams.add(index, wparams);
root.setLayoutParams(wparams, false);
}
}

这段代码主要做了如下几件事:

  • 更新view的layoutparms属性
  • 找到view的索引
  • 移除之前的view
  • 添加当前的view
  • 设置view的layoutparms属性

Window的创建过程

我们知道View是依附在Window上的。换句话说有View的地方就有Window。所以Activity、Dialog和Toast都是依附在Window之上的。所以我们来看看这三者的创建过程。

Activity的Window创建过程

Activity的Window的创建过程会牵扯到Activity的启动流程。启动流程比较复杂,最后会通过ActivityThread得performLaunchActivity去启动Activity。在此方法中会调用attach方法,为其关联一系列的上下文变量。我们来看看Activity的attch方法:

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mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);
mWindow.setWindowControllerCallback(this);
mWindow.setCallback(this);
mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this);
if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
}
if (info.uiOptions != 0) {
mWindow.setUiOptions(info.uiOptions);
}
`···
mWindow.setWindowManager(
(WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE),
mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(),
(info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0);
if (mParent != null) {
mWindow.setContainer(mParent.getWindow());
}
mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();
mCurrentConfig = config;

mWindow.setColorMode(info.colorMode);

可以看出Window的具体实现类是PhoneWindow。到这边其实Window就已经创建完成了,Activity会调用setContentView将Window显示出来。

Dialog的Window创建过程

Dialog的创建过程基本和Activity类似,具体我们来看Window的构造方法:

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Dialog(@NonNull Context context, @StyleRes int themeResId, boolean createContextThemeWrapper) {
if (createContextThemeWrapper) {
if (themeResId == ResourceId.ID_NULL) {
final TypedValue outValue = new TypedValue();
context.getTheme().resolveAttribute(R.attr.dialogTheme, outValue, true);
themeResId = outValue.resourceId;
}
mContext = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
} else {
mContext = context;
}

mWindowManager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);

final Window w = new PhoneWindow(mContext);
mWindow = w;
w.setCallback(this);
w.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
w.setOnWindowSwipeDismissedCallback(() -> {
if (mCancelable) {
cancel();
}
});
w.setWindowManager(mWindowManager, null, null);
w.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);

mListenersHandler = new ListenersHandler(this);
}

这边同样是通过PhoneWindow去创建的,创建完成后,依旧是通过setContentView去添加指定布局。我们在来看看show方法:

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···
mDecor = mWindow.getDecorView();

if (mActionBar == null && mWindow.hasFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) {
final ApplicationInfo info = mContext.getApplicationInfo();
mWindow.setDefaultIcon(info.icon);
mWindow.setDefaultLogo(info.logo);
mActionBar = new WindowDecorActionBar(this);
}

WindowManager.LayoutParams l = mWindow.getAttributes();
if ((l.softInputMode
& WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION) == 0) {
WindowManager.LayoutParams nl = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
nl.copyFrom(l);
nl.softInputMode |=
WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION;
l = nl;
}

mWindowManager.addView(mDecor, l);
mShowing = true;
···

可以看出,在show的时候,它会拿到decorView,然后将DecorView添加到WindowManager中去。

Toast的Window创建过程

Toast和Window、Activity的区别就是它具有定时取消的功能,所以其内部有两组IPC过程,一个是INotificationManager,其通过getService拿到一个NotificationManagerService也就是NMS。第二这是NMS的回调也就是TN。具体的实现,我们来看代码:

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public void show() {
if (mNextView == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");
}

INotificationManager service = getService();
String pkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
TN tn = mTN;
tn.mNextView = mNextView;

try {
service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// Empty
}
}

public void cancel() {
mTN.cancel();
}

这边主要是通过NMS像TN进行一个回调。我们来看看TN的handler处理了什么:

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mHandler = new Handler(looper, null) {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case SHOW: {
IBinder token = (IBinder) msg.obj;
handleShow(token);
break;
}
case HIDE: {
handleHide();
// Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by
// handleShow()
mNextView = null;
break;
}
case CANCEL: {
handleHide();
// Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by
// handleShow()
mNextView = null;
try {
getService().cancelToast(mPackageName, TN.this);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
break;
}
}
}
};

我们可以发现其通过handleShow以及handleHide去显示和影藏,我们可以看到在handleShow中他会将Toast的视图去添加到Window中去,具体代码如下:

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mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
···
try {
mWM.addView(mView, mParams);
trySendAccessibilityEvent();
} catch (WindowManager.BadTokenException e) {
}

而在handleHide方法中,它会将当前窗口给移除掉:

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if (mView.getParent() != null) {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
mWM.removeViewImmediate(mView);
}

总结

任何 View 都是附属在一个Window上面的,Window表示一个窗口的概念,也是一个抽象的概念,Window 并不是实际存在的,它是以View的形式存在的。WindowManager 是外界也就是我们访问Window的入口,Window的具体实现位于WindowManagerService 中,WindowManagerService 和 WindowManager 的交互是一个 IPC 过程。